15th APRIL 1563 - 30th MAY 1606 GURU ARJAN DEVJI
- Guru Arjan
- Died: May 30, 1606, Lahore, Pakistan
गुरु अर्जुनदेव सिक्खों के पांचवे गुरु थे। मुगलों ने इन पर अनेक अत्याचार किए, लेकिन गुरु अर्जुनदेव धर्म के मार्ग पर अडिग रहे। अंतत: मुगलों ने इनकी हत्या करवा दी। कल 11 अप्रैल, शनिवार को गुरु अर्जुनदेव की जयंती है।
गुरुग्रंथ साहिब के तीस रागों में गुरुजी की वाणी संकलित है। गणना की दृष्टि से श्री गुरुग्रंथ साहिब में सर्वाधिक वाणी पंचम गुरु की ही है। मानव कल्याण के लिए उन्होंने आजीवन शुभ कार्य किए। गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब का संपादन गुरु अर्जुनदेव ने भाई गुरदास की सहायता से सन 1604 में किया। ग्रंथ साहिब की संपादन कला अद्वितीय है, जिसमें गुरु जी की विद्वत्ता झलकती है। उन्होंने रागों के आधार पर ग्रंथ साहिब में संकलित वाणियों का जो वर्गीकरण किया है, उसकी मिसाल मध्यकालीन धार्मिक ग्रंथों में दुर्लभ है। ग्रंथ साहिब में 36 महान वाणीकारों की वाणियां बिना किसी भेदभाव के संकलित हुई हैं।
गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब के संपादन को लेकर कुछ असामाजिक तत्वों ने अकबर बादशाह के पास यह शिकायत की कि ग्रंथ में इस्लाम के खिलाफ लिखा गया है, लेकिन बाद में जब अकबर को सच्चाई का पता चला तो उसने भाई गुरदास एवं बाबा बुढ्ढ़ा के माध्यम से 51 मोहरें भेंट कर खेद ज्ञापित किया। अकबर के बाद जहांगीर दिल्ली का शासक बना। वह कट्टरपंथी था। उसी ने गुरु अर्जुनदेव को यातनाएं देकर उनकी हत्या करवा दी।
गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब के संपादन को लेकर कुछ असामाजिक तत्वों ने अकबर बादशाह के पास यह शिकायत की कि ग्रंथ में इस्लाम के खिलाफ लिखा गया है, लेकिन बाद में जब अकबर को सच्चाई का पता चला तो उसने भाई गुरदास एवं बाबा बुढ्ढ़ा के माध्यम से 51 मोहरें भेंट कर खेद ज्ञापित किया। अकबर के बाद जहांगीर दिल्ली का शासक बना। वह कट्टरपंथी था। उसी ने गुरु अर्जुनदेव को यातनाएं देकर उनकी हत्या करवा दी।
Guru Arjan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Guru Arjan ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ | |
|---|---|
opaque watercolour on paper
The Government Museum, Chandigarh | |
| Born | 15 April 1563 Goindval, Tarn Taaran, India |
| Died | 30 May 1606 (aged 43)[1] Lahore |
| Other names | The Fifth Master |
| Years active | 1581–1606 |
| Known for |
|
| Predecessor | Guru Ram Das |
| Successor | Guru Hargobind |
| Spouse(s) | Mata Ganga |
| Children | Guru Hargobind |
| Parent(s) | Guru Ram Das and Mata Bhani |
Guru Arjan ([ɡʊru əɾdʒən]; 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606)[1] was the first martyr of Sikh faith and the fifth of the ten Sikh Gurus, who compiled writings to create the eleventh, the living Guru, Guru Granth Sahib. He was born in Goindval, Punjab the youngest son of Guru Ram Das and Mata Bhani, the daughter of Guru Amar Das.[2]
Guru Arjan lived as the Guru of Sikhism for a quarter of a century. He completed the construction of Amritsar and founded other cities, such as Taran Taran and Kartarpur. The greatest contribution Guru Arjan made to the Sikh faith was to compile all of the past Gurus' writings, along with selected writings of other saints from different backgrounds which he considered consistent with the teachings of Sikhism into one book, now the holy scripture: the Guru Granth Sahib. It is, perhaps, the only script which still exists in the form first published (a hand-written manuscript) by the Guru.[3]
Guru Arjan introduced the Masands, a group of representatives who taught and spread the teachings of the Gurus and received the Dasvand, a voluntary offering of a Sikh's income in money, goods or service. Sikhs paid the Dasvand to support the building of gurdwaras and langars (shared communal kitchens). Although the introduction of the langar was started by Guru Nanak, Guru Arjan is credited for laying the foundation of the systematic institution of langars as a religious duty, one that has continued ever since.[4]
Guru Arjan was arrested under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and asked to convert to Islam.[5][6] He refused, was tortured and executed in 1606 CE.[5][7] Historical records and the Sikh tradition are unclear whether Guru Arjan was executed by drowning or died during torture.[5][8] His martyrdom is considered a watershed event in the history of Sikhism.[5][9]
Contents
[hide]Family[edit]
Guru Arjan was the son of Guru Ram Das, the fourth Guru in Sikhism. Arjan had two elder brothers: Prithi Chand (Prithia) and Mahadev. The eldest brother Prithia wanted to be the fifth Guru, but Guru Arjan was designated as the fifth Guru, by Guru Ram Das. Bhai Gurdas, a noted 17th-century Sikh chronicler, knew all three brothers from childhood.[10] Prithia, stated Bhai Gurdas in his chronicles, attempted several times to falsely claim and assume the title of being the rightful Sikh Guru while Guru Arjan was alive, and after Guru Arjan's death, including by using the pseudonym of Nanak in hymns he composed, but the Sikh tradition has recognised Guru Arjan as the fifth Guru, and Hargobind as the sixth Guru.[10][11][9]
Arjan became the fifth Guru in 1581 CE inheriting the title from his father, and after his execution by the Mughal officials, his son Hargobind became the sixth Guru in 1606 CE.[9]
Life[edit]
Continuing the efforts of Guru Ram Das, Guru Arjan established Amritsar as a primary Sikh pilgrimage destination. He wrote a voluminous amount of Sikh scripture including the popular Sukhmani Sahib.
Compiling the Adi Granth, Guru Arjan gave Sikhs an example of religious and moral conduct, as well as a rich body of sacred poetry. His starting of collection of offerings by way of Masand system, in a systematic way, accustomed them to a regular government. He traded in horses, though not extensively, and encouraged his followers to follow his example, to be as zealous in trade as they were in their faith.[12] Guru Arjan became famous among his pious devotees and his biographers dwell on the number of Saints and Holy men who were edified by his instructions.[12] He was equally heeded by men in high positions. During his time, the teaching and philosophy of Guru Nanak took a firm hold on the minds of his followers.
The economic well-being of the country is closely linked with the monsoon. With a view to alleviating the sufferings of the peasants, Guru Arjan helped the villagers in digging six-channel Persian wheel (Chhehrta) wells, which irrigated their fields. Chheharta is a living monument of his efforts in this direction.
Martyrdom[edit]
During the period of Guru Arjan, the Sikh Panth steadily extended its influence in Punjab, notably among the rural population and Jats. The Mughal rulers of Punjab were alarmed at the growth of the Panth. The Mughal emperor Jahangir wrote in his autobiography Tuzk-e-Jahangiri (Jahangirnama) that too many people were becoming persuaded by Guru Arjan's teachings and if Guru Arjan did not become a Muslim the Sikh Panth had to be extinguished. Jahangir believed that Guru Arjan was a Hindu who pretended to be a saint, and that he had thinking of forcing Guru Arjan to convert to Islam or to execute him, for a long time.[5][6]
In 1606 CE, the Guru was imprisoned in Lahore Fort, where he was tortured and executed.[5] Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi, after the punishment and execution of Guru Arjun by Shaykh Farid Bukhari (Murtaza Khan) under the orders of Jahagir, as follows,[13]
According to Sikh tradition, before his execution, Guru Arjan instructed his son and successor Hargobind to take up arms. His execution led the Sikh Panth to become armed and pursue resistance to persecution under the Islamic rule.[15]
Some scholars state that the evidence is unclear whether his death was due to execution, torture or forced drowning in the Ravi river.[16][17][18][19] J.S. Grewal notes that Sikh sources from the seventeenth and eighteenth century contain contradictory reports of Guru Arjan's death.[20]
J. F. Richard states that Jahangir was persistently hostile to popularly venerated non-Islamic religious figures, not just Sikhism.[21]
Bhai Gurdas was a contemporary of Guru Arjan and is a noted 17th-century Sikh chronicler.[22] His eyewitness account recorded Guru Arjan life, and the order by Emperor Jahangir to torture the Guru to death.[23]
A contemporary Jesuit account, written by Spanish Jesuit missionary Jerome Xavier (1549–1617), who was in Lahore at the time, records that the Sikhs tried to get Jahangir to substitute the torture and death sentence to a heavy fine, but this attempt failed.[24]Dabistan-i Mazahib Mobad states Jahangir tortured Guru Arjan in the hopes of extracting the money and public repudiation of his spiritual convictions, but the Guru refused and was executed.[25] Jerome Xavier, the Jesuit missionary in India in the early 17th century, in appreciation of the courage of Guru Arjun, wrote back to Lisbon, the following[26]
Michael Barnes states that the resolve and death of Guru Arjun strengthened the conviction among Sikhs that, "personal piety must have a core of moral strength. A virtuous soul must be a courageous soul. Willingness to suffer trial for one's convictions was a religious imperative".[26]
Historical revisionism, reconstruction and disputes[edit]
There are several stories and versions about how, where and why Guru Arjan died.[27][28][29] Recent scholarship[30][31] has questioned many of these, calling them as fictional interpretation, reflecting an agenda, or "exaggerating fragmentary traces of documentary evidence in historical analysis". The alternate versions include stories about the role of Guru Arjan in a conflict between the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and his son who Jahangir suspected of trying to organize a patricidal coup, or alternatively a Hindu minister of Jahangir named Chandu Shah, who in one version takes revenge on Guru Arjan for not marrying his son Hargobind to Chandu Shah's daughter, and in another Lahore version where Chandu Shah actually prevents Guru Arjan from suffering torture and death by Muslims by paying 200,000 rupees (100,000 crusados) to Jahangir, but then keeps him and emotionally torments him to death in his house.[32] All these versions and meta-narratives became popular in 19th century British colonial literature, such as those of Max Arthur Macauliffe.[33] Several alternative versions of the story try to absolve Jahangir and the Mughal empire of any responsibility,[28][34] but have no trace or support in the documentary evidence from early 17th century, such as the records of Jesuit priest Jerome Xavier and the memoirs of Jahangir.[5][7][35]
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Sikh Videos - Sri Guru Arjan Dev Martyrdom Part 1 - YouTube
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Part2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNFmc5VdQnk Soul-stirring rendition of the Martyrdom of Sri Guru ...Guru Arjan Dev Ji - YouTube
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An inspirational movie on the life of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth guru, the first guru of the Sikhs to be martyred ...Guru Arjan Dev Ji Shaheedi || Sai Mian Mirr ji || Saheedi ...
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A martyrdom that gave birth to thousands of martyrs to never abandon their faith in the face of oppression and ...GURU ARJAN DEV JI SELECTED SHABADS (with ...
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Shri Guru Arjan Dev Ji was born on 15th April 1563 at Goindwal Sahib Amritsar.Sakhi Shri Guru Arjan Dev Ji - Shaheedi - YouTube
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Jun 8, 2014 - FOUR SHABADS OF GURU ARJAN DEV JI BY BHAI NIRANJAN SINGH JI. by NITNEM PATH SHABAD KIRTAN. 28:20. Play next; Play now.Sikh Videos Gurbani Kirtan - Guru Arjan Dev Ji - Shaheedi ...
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Nov 24, 2013 - Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs, was the embodiment of Godly devotion, Selfless Service and Universal Love. He was the treasure ...Martyrdom of Guru Arjan - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia.
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Oct 5, 2014 - Accordingly, on the 16 of June of every year since 1606, the Sikhs commemorate the martyrdom of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth Guru and the first ...Guru Arjan Dev - Sikhism Religion of the Sikh People
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Guru Arjan was the youngest son of Guru Ram Das and Mata Bhani. He was born at Goindwal on April 15, 1563. In 1579 Guru Arjan was eventually married toSri Guru Arjan Dev Ji | Search Sikhism Home Page
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Guru Arjan was born in Goindwal, a small town in Amritsar district, in 1563. He was the youngest son of Guru Ram Das and Bibi Bhani. As a child, one day he ...BBC - Religions - Sikhism: Guru Arjan
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Oct 26, 2009 - A brief look at Guru Arjan Dev, the fifth Sikh Guru and the first Sikh martyr.Sikh Videos - Sri Guru Arjan Dev Martyrdom Part 1 - YouTube
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Part2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNFmc5VdQnk Soul-stirring rendition of the Martyrdom of Sri Guru ...Guru Arjan Dev Ji - YouTube
www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTLsdg08hro
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An inspirational movie on the life of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, the fifth guru, the first guru of the Sikhs to be martyred ...Guru Arjan Dev Ji - The World of Guru Nanak
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Guru Arjan Dev Ji is the fifth Guru of the Sikhs. He was born on April 15, 1563 at Goindwal Sahib Ji. He was the youngest son of Guru Ram Das Ji. He received ...Searches related to guru arjan dev
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